p-value

Gist

"A p-value is the probability of the observed data, or more extreme data, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true"

Misconceptions

"A non-significant p-value means that the null hypothesis is true."

Example: ‘because p > 0.05 we can conclude that there is no effect’. Another version of such a sentence is ‘there was no difference, (p > 0.05)’.